While some researchers assume charisma to be a personality trait, others like @antonakis2016 see it as an external attribution, a description based on how we are perceived.
Since perception and description are based on each other, one has to be careful to use either one to explain the other (circular reasoning). Instead, @antonakis2016 conceive of charisma as an emotional communication style, following the three characteristics of leader signalling.
- Keywords: charisma
- Source: @niebuhr2020